Bipolar Disorder A Concise Review - 3296 Words

Molecular Mechanisms implicated in Bipolar Disorder: A concise Review Neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder: A concise Review Mutahar Andrabia, Muatar Maknoon Andrabi, Remesh Kunjunnia, Sandeep Sathianathana, Mukesh Kumar Sriwastvaa, Rajesh Sagarb, Rashmi Mathurc, Vivekanandhan Subbiaha* a Deptt. Of Neurobiochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India, New Delhi-29 b Deptt. Of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India, New Delhi-29 c Deptt. Of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India, New Delhi-29 †¢ Mutahar Andrabi (PhD student, Neuro Biochemistry) Email: mutahar.andrabi@gmail.com †¢ Remesh Kunjunni (PhD student, Neuro Biochemistry) Email: remeshmarangad@gmail.com †¢ Sandeep Sathianathan (PhD student, Neuro Biochemistry) Email: mailstosandeep@gmail.com †¢ Mukesh Kumar Sriwastva (PhD student, Neuro Biochemistry) Email: sriwastva.mukesh6@gmail.com †¢ Rajesh Sagar (MD) Email: rsagar29@gmail.com †¢ Rashmi Mathur Email: mathurashmi@yahoo.co.in †¢ Corresponding Author* Vivekanandhan Subbiah, PhD Email: svivek_aiims@yahoo.com (Corresponding Author) Key words: Bipolar Disorder, epinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, circadian system, BDNF. Bipolar disorder is a serious and devastating mental disorder. Suicidal ideation and comorbid conditions further worsen the outcome and prognosis. Abnormalities in monoaminergic pathways and signaling networks have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of disorder. Circadian system hasShow MoreRelatedUse Of Aripiprazole For Acute Mani Critiquing A Systematic Research Review1558 Words   |  7 PagesThe Use of Aripiprazole for Acute Mania: Critiquing a systematic research review Systematic reviews are based on an extensive and meticulous search for studies and research and are selective of the data that is reported; excluding poor quality studies and accurately categorizing the quality of the research that has been chosen (Melnyk, Fineout-Overholt, 2011). Once there are several sources of information presented on issues, or studies that are conducted on a concern; clinicians may then set-outRead MoreCaring for a Patient with Bipolar Disorder1992 Words   |  8 Pagespatient with bipolar I disorder. Keltner (2011) describes bipolar I disorder as â€Å"the most significant of these disorders. The patient experiences swings between manic episodes and major depression† (p. 291). According to Murphy (2006), â€Å"bipolar disorder can be like a roller-coaster, with exciting ‘highs’ and very frightening downhill plunges† (p. 58). Most patients are more likely to seek help when they are depressed or feel ‘bad;’ therefore, Go ossens (2007) determines bipolar disorder is frequentlyRead MoreCurrent Research On Bipolar Disorder II2570 Words   |  11 PagesCurrent Research on Bipolar Disorder II Shannon J. Oliveira American School of Professional Psychology Psychopathology Fall 2014 Current Research on Bipolar Disorder II The following is a review of recent peer reviewed research articles in the field of psychology contributing to new information on the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome measures for Bipolar Disorder II (BDII). First, you will find a description of the diagnostic presentation of BDII, followed by the corresponding results of the researchRead MoreThe Efficacy And Metabolic Profile Of Bipolar Disorder6329 Words   |  26 Pages A Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Metabolic Profile of Lurasidone in the Treatment of Depression in Bipolar Disorder MSc in Psychiatry 2015 Dissertation by Giles Osborne BA BSc MA(Oxon) Department of Psychiatry, Cardiff Medical School, Cardiff, CF14 4XN Main Body Word Count 18,885 May 2015 DECLARATION / STATEMENTS PAGE DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Signed-----------------------------Read MorePersonal Statement Of A Social Worker1809 Words   |  8 Pages Personal Statement Student’s Name Institution Affiliation A) General Introduction As a woman diagnosed with social anxiety,I was entrusted to be under the care of a social worker so as to help me manage my disorder. Personally, I have gone through so many experiences which collectively made me develop a deeper insight into the roles of social workers as compared to other health caregivers. Besides that, I have seen a lot of transformative supports to people who have various socialRead MoreCan Exercise Improve Mental Health?3658 Words   |  15 Pagesof mental illness and improving mental health. This literature review describes research in which various forms of exercise were used to treat symptoms of some of the most common mental illnesses, and improve mental health. It was found that exercise may relieve symptoms of mental illness, and improve mental health, and in some cases was comparably effective to commonly used medications. All studies examined in this literature review have findings that support exercise as an appropriate treatmentRead MoreLiterature review - Anxiety and Depression in the Workplace3371 Words   |  14 Pages Literature Review Executive Summary: Emotional concerns in the workplace are a considerable loss to employee’s health and welfare. They slow down the performance of employee and so they are harmful to the organisational well-being as well. This literature review would put forward a concise introduction on the two frequently occurring emotional concerns in the workplace: anxiety and depression. Anxiety and depression are a usual and adaptive reaction to the individual who is undergoing such emotionalRead MoreEmotional Contagion And Its Effects3090 Words   |  13 Pagesothers around them.† This definition lacks clarity in what is happening on a biological level, vague about what is happening on a psychological level, does not explain what could be occurring on a neurological level. Lundqvist (2007) provides a more concise definition for emotional contagion, â€Å"Emotions operate within our biological system through the secretion of chemicals from specialized glands and neurologically through neurotransmitters. Psychologically, personality appears to be important in howRead MoreCritical Review of Meta Analysis6412 Words   |  26 PagesA Critical Review of Meta-Analysis Abstract Meta-analysis has been much debated and criticized since its creation, and it has been argued that systematic reviews are superior. The present study examined the reverse idea – that meta-analysis is the superior method. A literature search was conducted of meta-analysis studies for psychotherapy within the PsycINFO database. The resulting studies were further examined and classified as either primary articles or secondary articles. Primary articlesRead MoreHomelessness Thesis9057 Words   |  37 Pages Republic of the Philippines Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE NBP Reservation Poblacion, Muntinlupa City education, unemployment, extremely low wages, drug addiction, races, and mental health problems and disorders. Some homeless people turn to crime because for them it’s a way of escaping their situation and they’re also victims of violent, crimes and lack needed medical care. Their situation puts them at a risk of sexual exploitation, child prostitution,

Views of stereotypes in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Free Essays

During the early 1800’s, racism was still rampant among citizens in America, especially those in the south. Minorities were generalized as a member of a certain racial group and stereotyped with degrading qualities that implied that they were less than human. In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain creates a character with all of the African-American stereotypes, and throughout the novel, develops him into a character that everyone can relate to, showing that he is human. We will write a custom essay sample on Views of stereotypes in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn or any similar topic only for you Order Now At that time, African-Americans were seen as animals that did not care for anyone, but Twain shows that Jim has feelings, despite what society thinks. Another aspect of the African-American stereotype was that all African-Americans were stupid, but Jim, although uneducated, is not portrayed as stupid. A common belief among racists at the time was that African-Americans were less than human, but throughout the novel, Jim shows feelings of despair, regret and compassion, all of which are humanlike. In contrast to the typical stereotype that African-Americans care for no one but theirselves, Jim is depicted as an extremely caring person. When describing his daughter to Huck, Jim says, â€Å"En wid dat I fetch’ her a slap side de head dat sont her a-spawlin’†¦Oh, Huck, I bust out a-cryin’ en grab her up in my arms, en say, ‘Oh, de po’ little thing! De Lord God Amighty fogive po’ Jim, kaze he never gwyne to forgive hisself as lon’s he live!†(156). In this quotation, Jim expresses extreme regrete and sorrow for his daughter whom he has realized is deaf and couldn’t hear anything he was saying to her. When Huck and Jim have been separated and Huck is staying at the Grangerfords, Jim shows another instance of caring. When Huck saw Jim for the first time again he wrote, † I waked him up, and I reckoned it was going to be a grand surprise to him to see me again, but it warn’t. He nearly cried he was so glad, but he warn’t surprised†(114). In this quotation, Twain illustrates Jim’s concern for not only his own family, but for his Huck, whom he has formed a unique friendship with. Twain successfully develops Jim into a character that cares not only for his family, but for his friends. African-Americans and slaves especially, were stereotyped as ignorant in the early 1800’s. Jim, like most other slaves, has no formal education and talks in a dialect that makes him appear to be less educated. However Jim has a unique kind of intelligence. When Huck was trying to trick Jim into thinking that he had dreamt up their separation in the fog, Jim notices the debris on Huck, â€Å"Jim looked at the trash, and then looked at me, and back at the trash again. He had got the dream fixed so strong in his head that he couldn’t seem to shake it loose and get the facts back into its place again right away. But when he did get the thing straightened around he looked at me steady without ever smiling† (54). Jim shows his common sense smarts by figuring out when Huck is lying to him. The fact that Huck, an educated white boy, couldn’t fool Jim, an uneducated slave, with his scheme shows that although Jim is uneducated, he is intelligent in his own way. When the Duke and the King come on board the raft, Jim knows that since the King claims he is from France, that he should be able to speak French. â€Å"I found Jim had been trying to get him to talk French, so he could hear what it was like; but he said he had been in this country so long, and had so much trouble, he’d forgot it†(179). This shows the reasoning ability that Jim has. He knows that since the King is from France he should be able to speak French. Huck interprets this as Jim wanting to hear French, but what Jim is actually trying to do is to verify the King’s story and keep themselves safe. Perhaps the worst stereotype about African-Americans at that time was that they were less than human, unable to feel humanlike emotions or act like normal humans do. Jim is portrayed as exactly the opposite, routinely risking his own life and freedom for the welfare of others. When Tom has been shot and Huck is consulting with Jim on what they should do, Jim says, â€Å"Well, den, is Jim gwyne to say it? No, sah-I doan’budge a step out’n this place ‘dout a doctor; not if it’s forty year! (266)†. Jim has decided to risk being caught again to make sure that Tom Sawyer sees a doctor. He knows very well that he could easily be caught doing this and set back into slavery, but he does it anyway. This shows that Jim is a very humanlike character who experiences humanlike emotions, compassion in this instance, and acts in selfless ways. Twain again demonstrates Jim’s equality and humanlike characteristics when Huck and Jim and eating on the raft. Huck writes, â€Å"so Jim he got out some corn-dodgers and buttermilk, and pork and cabbage and greens†¦ and whilst I eat my supper we talked and had a good time† (126). This quotation illustrates Jim as an equal to Huck who can experience the same easy-going and fun emotions that Huck can. No where in the book is Jim unable to understand an emotion Huck or any other person is feeling, showing his humanity. Jim is a representation of how all people can feel emotions for others, be intelligent no matter how uneducated they are, and experience emotions of the human race. Mark Twain has succeeded in creating a character who although is a minority, embodies characteristics that people can relate to. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was an important statement against racism and the values taught can still be applies to the American culture today. How to cite Views of stereotypes in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Papers

Chandigarh free essay sample

Chandigarh might be mere a city for others but for me it is my mother land in whose soil I have crawled and learned to walk. It has transformed me from a seedling to a deep rooted plant. Im extremely proud to be a chandigarhwallah, because its serene beauty has provided motherly warmth and has also made a huge difference in my living. Whether I talk about Chandigarh’s distinction of being the first planned city of India or about numerous architectural works of Le Corbusier and Albert Mayer all have added glories to my city’s name. Being regarded as India’s first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru’s dream city , it came into existence in year 1953. The city was constituted as a union territory, with the name Chandigarh being derived from the temple of Chandi, Mother Goddess of Power, situated nearby. It provides some of the world class infrastructures and facilities which make life much more convenient and easier in my city. We will write a custom essay sample on Chandigarh or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With an ideal location at the foothills of the Shiwalik range it forms a fabulous part of the Himalayan Ecosystem. Chandigarh hosts several bird species from different shores. People from all over the world visit here  to get a glimpse of some of the rarest species of birds in the world. The beauty of the birds, combined with the splendor of the natural environment provides the perfect setting for a nature lover. Chandigarh’s apt and calm environment makes it an ultimate tourist attraction. There are a large number of places in the city which provide ample space for the travelers to amidst the nature and rekindle happiness among them. The Leisure Valley, Bougainvillea Park, Zakir Rose Garden, Shanti Kunj and are some of them. My birth place has gained importance both from economical and tourism point of view. Having dedicated and hardworking citizens has enabled my town to top the country in terms of Human Development Index and made it the wealthiest town in India with a per capita income of Rs. 99,262. As a modern and well laid city my place provides an adequate living. It has a group of school those enhance the educational system of the nation some of them are St John’s high school, Sacred heart convent school, St Kabir high school, Bhavan Vidalaya etc. The medical facilities here are provided by many public and private institutes some of which are Fortis hospital, The Alchemist, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research and many more. Chandigarh provides a wonderful stay for the tourists here to amidst the beauty of the nature. It also has a couple of three and five stared hotels, lodges and restaurants namely The Taj Mahal, The Aroma, Mount view, McDonalds, Sagar Ratna and many more help Chandigarh in displaying the traditional hospitality and warmth of India to all its visitors. Chandigarh also provides a wide range of products to its visitors to choose from, as it has Sector 17 plaza is the heart of all activities in the city with showrooms and shops of different brands and vendors selling special delicasies. Over all Chandigarh proves to be the best city. Shah Jahan once said that if there is paradise on earth it is only in Kashmir but I personally feel that my home town is no less than any paradise on this earth and living in Chandigarh is like king size life with all necessary requirements for an adequate living